What does capital appreciation mean? Capital appreciation, also referred to as capital growth, is the rise in the market price of an investment. With property, if the property value has increased over time, this would mean that there has been capital appreciation.
Capital appreciation is the difference between the purchase price and the current market price. For example, if you bought a property for £120,000 and it is now worth £150,000, the property value will have appreciated by £30,000.
Using the equation here, you can calculate the percentage of capital appreciation on your property.
Current value – purchase price = difference
£150,000- £120,000 =£30,000
Difference/purchase price = growth
£30,000 /£120,000 =0.25
Growth x 100 = % increase
0.25 x 100 = 25%
The value of a property will increase with the upgrades made to the development. For example, adding a garage, this extra amenity can result in a price increase of 10% to 15%. Especially in areas with commonly stolen cars or where parking on the street can be difficult. Owners who continue to upgrade and maintain properties secure a growth rate better than the average market rate. An extension, a garden room, and a new kitchen are all possibilities for homeowners to add to their property to increase the current value. Furthermore, the architectural structure and interior designs of the house play a part in property appreciation.
A property within proximity to a large regeneration project is naturally going to access the benefits. Regeneration often brings new amenities and improvements in the quality of life for residents in the local areas. The creation of public parks, centres, or shopping facilities can enhance the attractiveness of an area. Consequently, the area becomes a more desired place to live and work leading to a drive up property values.
Businesses and tenants will be drawn to the regenerating areas, which boosts demand and feeds into the economy. Some key locations to benefit from regeneration are Liverpool, Manchester, and Leeds. Investors can look at city council websites in the areas where they want to purchase a property, this will show them all the regeneration plans to help determine where to invest for maximum future benefits.
Changes in demographics can have a large impact on the property market and its values. Different demographic groups have individual preferences that affect property market trends. For example, an ageing population may lead to increased demand for retirement communities or smaller options for the elderly to downsize their property. Whereas, growth in young professionals may drive up demand for city centre apartments, to be well located to suit their lifestyle.
Furthermore, millennials, who are a large percentage of the home-buying population, tend to look for convenience, accessibility, and distance to urban amenities, when purchasing a property. On the other hand, individuals who are retired may desire properties in quieter suburban areas with age-friendly features like bungalows and nearby healthcare facilities.
The principle of demand and supply affects the value of any asset, if the demand for an asset is high and the supply is low, the price of the asset will increase. Alternatively, the price will decrease if the demand is low and the supply is high. Therefore, property investors should look to invest in areas that have a high and growing demand, and a low and limited supply. One of the factors that will influence demand is lower interest rates or borrowing costs. When interest rates are low, people may be more likely to finance the purchase of a home because the amount of interest they have to pay is not as high with low rates. However, it is important to consider other factors that could encourage a rise in demand and invest in an upcoming location to ensure the demand will grow.
Infrastructure plays a critical role in improving accessibility and connectivity. Improved transportation networks, such as motorways, cycle lanes, or public transport, can significantly impact property values. Easy access to major roads or public transportation hubs reduces commuting time and increases convenience. People will be willing to pay more for convenience; therefore, good connection links naturally add value to a property. Investors should look for areas with plans to improve and develop transportation to and from the area, this will also show the possibilities for regeneration and area expansion to property value.
HS2 is a prime example of how transport can benefit the value of a property. The Guardian predicts that a property located within a 10–15-minute walk of an HS2 station could see up to a 60% price increase when completed. Individuals who buy property now in the parameter can expect huge capital growth in the upcoming years as HS2 is developed.
Young professionals tend to look to move to areas with better job opportunities. Therefore, areas that are attracting new businesses will also attract working professionals. More businesses that move to an area equals more money to the local economy. This means the area council will have a bigger budget to reinvest into the city to continue to develop, increasing the demand for housing in surrounding locations.
Areas with a higher employment rate and thriving economy are great for buy-to-let investors as more residents in these areas can afford higher rents. To simplify it, an area with growing employment opportunities is going to receive an increasing demand, boosting the economy, leading to an increase in property value.
Capital appreciation hugely benefits investors as they have the potential to make a large amount of profit when it comes to selling their properties. Every aspect that affects capital growth links together and the more connections there are, the more likely a property will increase in value. If investors want to maximise their returns they should look into all of the listed factors and look into their city of choice to ensure the investment will guarantee the returns they are hoping to receive.
In March 2024, in the Spring Budget, The Chancellor announced that there would be a reduction in capital gains tax. The reduction of the rate of capital gains tax has gone down from 28% to 24%. This change means investors will not pay as much tax on the gains they make leading to a larger profit margin.
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